Agta 100 important multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on Agriculture crop physiology and Genetics and plant breeding for competitive exams, including UPSC, UPPCS, IBPS AFO, Agta upsssc AGTA and other state-level agriculture exams
Agta 100 important multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on Agriculture crop physiology and Genetics and plant breeding for competitive exams, including UPSC, UPPCS, IBPS AFO, Agta upsssc AGTA and other state-level agriculture exams:
Agriculture is the backbone of many competitive exams, especially for aspirants preparing for UPSC, State PSCs, ICAR, and other agriculture-related entrance tests. Among the key subjects, Crop Physiology and Genetics & Plant Breeding stand out due to their conceptual depth and practical relevance. Understanding plant functions, genetic inheritance, breeding methods, and hybrid development is crucial not only for academic success but also for real-world agricultural innovations.
50 most important MCQs on Crop Physiology and 50 Genetics and plant breeding.
Total 100 MCQ questions:
Crop Physiology – 50 MCQs question with answers
-
Which pigment is responsible for photosynthesis?
a) Carotene
b) Xanthophyll
c) Chlorophyll
d) Anthocyanin
Answer: c) Chlorophyll -
The site of light reaction in photosynthesis is:
a) Stroma
b) Mitochondria
c) Thylakoid membrane
d) Cytoplasm
Answer: c) Thylakoid membrane -
The first stable product of the C3 cycle is:
a) Oxaloacetate
b) PGA
c) RuBP
d) Malate
Answer: b) PGA -
Enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in C3 plants:
a) RuBisCO
b) PEP Carboxylase
c) Dehydrogenase
d) Nitrate reductase
Answer: a) RuBisCO -
Kranz anatomy is characteristic of:
a) C3 plants
b) C4 plants
c) CAM plants
d) Xerophytes
Answer: b) C4 plants -
Photorespiration occurs in:
a) Chloroplast only
b) Peroxisome only
c) Chloroplast, peroxisome, and mitochondria
d) Cytoplasm
Answer: c) Chloroplast, peroxisome, and mitochondria -
The hormone responsible for apical dominance is:
a) Cytokinin
b) Gibberellin
c) Auxin
d) ABA
Answer: c) Auxin -
Guttation is the loss of water through:
a) Stomata
b) Cuticle
c) Hydathodes
d) Lenticels
Answer: c) Hydathodes -
Which element is essential for chlorophyll synthesis?
a) Iron
b) Magnesium
c) Zinc
d) Copper
Answer: b) Magnesium -
The process of water loss in vapor form from aerial parts is called:
a) Osmosis
b) Guttation
c) Transpiration
d) Diffusion
Answer: c) Transpiration -
Which hormone delays senescence?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Ethylene
d) ABA
Answer: b) Cytokinin -
CAM plants fix CO₂ during:
a) Day
b) Night
c) Both
d) None
Answer: b) Night -
Stomata open during the night in:
a) C3 plants
b) C4 plants
c) CAM plants
d) Legumes
Answer: c) CAM plants -
Which hormone induces seed dormancy?
a) Gibberellin
b) Auxin
c) ABA
d) Cytokinin
Answer: c) ABA -
Respiratory quotient (RQ) of carbohydrates is:
a) 0.7
b) 1.0
c) 0.9
d) 1.5
Answer: b) 1.0 -
Which organelle is the site of dark reaction?
a) Thylakoid
b) Grana
c) Stroma
d) Mitochondria
Answer: c) Stroma -
Which of the following is a short day plant?
a) Rice
b) Wheat
c) Maize
d) Barley
Answer: a) Rice -
Rate of transpiration is affected most by:
a) Soil type
b) Air temperature
c) Light intensity
d) Wind velocity
Answer: d) Wind velocity -
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without:
a) Water
b) Light
c) Soil
d) Nutrients
Answer: c) Soil -
Cytokinin promotes:
a) Apical dominance
b) Seed dormancy
c) Cell division
d) Senescence
Answer: c) Cell division -
Light reaction requires:
a) Oxygen
b) Sunlight
c) Darkness
d) Temperature
Answer: b) Sunlight -
Which process is involved in energy release in cells?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Absorption
Answer: a) Respiration -
Photosystem I is involved in:
a) Oxygen evolution
b) NADPH formation
c) ATP hydrolysis
d) Water splitting
Answer: b) NADPH formation -
Which gas is essential for photosynthesis?
a) O₂
b) CO₂
c) N₂
d) H₂
Answer: b) CO₂ -
Osmosis involves movement of:
a) Solute
b) Water
c) Ions
d) Enzymes
Answer: b) Water -
Stomata in dicots are generally:
a) Anisocytic
b) Monocytic
c) Isobilateral
d) Dorsiventral
Answer: a) Anisocytic -
Translocation of food occurs through:
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Parenchyma
d) Collenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem -
Which hormone breaks seed dormancy?
a) ABA
b) Auxin
c) Cytokinin
d) Gibberellin
Answer: d) Gibberellin -
The main site of respiration in a cell is:
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm
Answer: b) Mitochondria -
A plant process that releases oxygen is:
a) Respiration
b) Transpiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Guttation
Answer: c) Photosynthesis -
Gibberellin was first isolated from:
a) Rice
b) Pea
c) Maize
d) Fungus
Answer: d) Fungus -
Diffusion involves movement of molecules from:
a) Low to high concentration
b) High to low concentration
c) Both
d) None
Answer: b) High to low concentration -
Chlorophyll is found in:
a) Mitochondria
b) Grana
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Grana -
C3 plants are most efficient under:
a) High temperature
b) High light
c) Cool, moist conditions
d) Dry, hot conditions
Answer: c) Cool, moist conditions -
The unit of light intensity is:
a) Lux
b) Decibel
c) Mole
d) Joule
Answer: a) Lux -
The process of converting light energy into chemical energy:
a) Respiration
b) Digestion
c) Photosynthesis
d) Oxidation
Answer: c) Photosynthesis -
Phytochrome absorbs:
a) Blue light
b) Red and far-red light
c) UV rays
d) X-rays
Answer: b) Red and far-red light -
The opening and closing of stomata is regulated by:
a) Guard cells
b) Epidermis
c) Mesophyll
d) Phloem
Answer: a) Guard cells -
Essential micronutrient for enzyme activation is:
a) Nitrogen
b) Magnesium
c) Zinc
d) Sulphur
Answer: c) Zinc -
The source of oxygen released during photosynthesis is:
a) CO₂
b) H₂O
c) Glucose
d) NADPH
Answer: b) H₂O -
Which light is most effective for photosynthesis?
a) Green
b) Yellow
c) Blue and red
d) UV
Answer: c) Blue and red -
Wilting of plants is mainly due to:
a) Excess salts
b) Transpiration
c) Guttation
d) Lack of nutrients
Answer: b) Transpiration -
Which is a long-day plant?
a) Wheat
b) Rice
c) Soybean
d) Groundnut
Answer: a) Wheat -
NADPH is produced in:
a) Calvin cycle
b) Light reaction
c) Glycolysis
d) Citric acid cycle
Answer: b) Light reaction -
Stomatal movement is controlled by:
a) Temperature
b) Light
c) Water
d) Turgor pressure in guard cells
Answer: d) Turgor pressure in guard cells -
C3 cycle is also known as:
a) Hatch-Slack cycle
b) Krebs cycle
c) Calvin cycle
d) Glycolysis
Answer: c) Calvin cycle -
Which is not a plant growth regulator?
a) ABA
b) IAA
c) DNA
d) GA₃
Answer: c) DNA -
The principal site of photosynthesis in a leaf is:
a) Palisade tissue
b) Phloem
c) Epidermis
d) Guard cells
Answer: a) Palisade tissue -
Plants lose most water through:
a) Roots
b) Cuticle
c) Stomata
d) Hydathodes
Answer: c) Stomata -
Which hormone is used to induce parthenocarpy?
a) ABA
b) Gibberellin
c) Cytokinin
d) Ethylene
Answer: b) Gibberellin50
Most important MCQs on Genetics & Plant Breeding (51–100) with four options each and the correct answer given after each question:
Genetics & Plant Breeding – 50 MCQs (51–100)
-
Who is known as the father of genetics?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Gregor Mendel
c) Watson
d) Morgan
Answer: b) Gregor Mendel -
The term ‘gene’ was coined by:
a) Mendel
b) De Vries
c) Johansen
d) Morgan
Answer: c) Johansen -
Law of segregation is also called:
a) Law of purity of gametes
b) Law of independent assortment
c) Law of dominance
d) Law of recombination
Answer: a) Law of purity of gametes -
Phenotype is:
a) Genetic makeup
b) Physical expression
c) Gametes
d) Mutations
Answer: b) Physical expression -
The unit of heredity is:
a) DNA
b) Gene
c) Chromosome
d) Allele
Answer: b) Gene -
Test cross is done to determine:
a) Genotype of recessive parent
b) Genotype of dominant parent
c) Phenotype of offspring
d) All of the above
Answer: b) Genotype of dominant parent -
Cross between F1 and one of the parents is called:
a) Selfing
b) Backcross
c) Hybrid
d) Test cross
Answer: b) Backcross -
Linked genes are found on the same:
a) DNA
b) Chromosome
c) Allele
d) Gene
Answer: b) Chromosome -
A trait controlled by multiple genes is called:
a) Epistasis
b) Codominance
c) Polygenic
d) Monogenic
Answer: c) Polygenic -
Mendel worked on which plant?
a) Tomato
b) Wheat
c) Pea
d) Bean
Answer: c) Pea -
The gene for dwarfness in pea is:
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Lethal
d) Codominant
Answer: b) Recessive -
Chromosome theory of inheritance was proposed by:
a) Mendel
b) Morgan
c) Sutton and Boveri
d) Watson
Answer: c) Sutton and Boveri -
Which is a qualitative trait?
a) Plant height
b) Yield
c) Grain color
d) Oil content
Answer: c) Grain color -
Double cross involves:
a) 2 parents
b) 3 parents
c) 4 parents
d) 1 parent
Answer: c) 4 parents -
First man-made crop is:
a) Cotton
b) Triticale
c) Maize
d) Tomato
Answer: b) Triticale -
Process of selecting best individuals is called:
a) Hybridization
b) Introduction
c) Selection
d) Mutation
Answer: c) Selection -
Induced mutations are caused by:
a) Environment
b) Radiation and chemicals
c) Natural process
d) Crossing
Answer: b) Radiation and chemicals -
First scientist to produce haploids in Datura:
a) Maheshwari
b) Beadle
c) Blakeslee
d) Morgan
Answer: c) Blakeslee -
Restorer gene in hybrid breeding restores:
a) Sterility
b) Fertility
c) Yield
d) Quality
Answer: b) Fertility -
Self-pollinated crops are mostly improved by:
a) Hybridization
b) Mass selection
c) Backcross
d) Pure line selection
Answer: d) Pure line selection -
Cytoplasmic male sterility is inherited through:
a) Paternal genes
b) Nuclear genes
c) Cytoplasm
d) DNA
Answer: c) Cytoplasm -
First successful hybrid in cotton was:
a) Varalakshmi
b) H4
c) Jayadhar
d) Suvin
Answer: b) H4 -
Which is a self-pollinated crop?
a) Maize
b) Sorghum
c) Wheat
d) Onion
Answer: c) Wheat -
A cross between two different species is called:
a) Inter-varietal
b) Intra-specific
c) Inter-specific
d) Cross-breeding
Answer: c) Inter-specific -
Which crop is cross-pollinated?
a) Rice
b) Soybean
c) Sugar beet
d) Wheat
Answer: c) Sugar beet -
Male sterility is useful in:
a) Mutation breeding
b) Hybrid seed production
c) Selfing
d) Backcrossing
Answer: b) Hybrid seed production -
Process of doubling chromosomes using colchicine is called:
a) Hybridization
b) Mutation
c) Chromosome engineering
d) Chromosome doubling
Answer: d) Chromosome doubling -
Progeny test is done in:
a) Hybridization
b) Selection
c) Breeding value estimation
d) Polyploidy
Answer: c) Breeding value estimation -
Genetic purity of hybrid seed is maintained by:
a) Roguing
b) Irrigation
c) Isolation
d) Both a and c
Answer: d) Both a and c -
In plant breeding, F₁ is usually:
a) Less vigorous
b) Sterile
c) More vigorous
d) Recessive
Answer: c) More vigorous -
Which method is most suitable for improving cross-pollinated crops?
a) Pure line selection
b) Mass selection
c) Recurrent selection
d) Mutation breeding
Answer: c) Recurrent selection -
First Indian hybrid maize variety was:
a) Ganga-1
b) Deccan
c) Him-123
d) Pratap
Answer: a) Ganga-1 -
Transfer of genes from wild to cultivated species is called:
a) Selection
b) Mutation
c) Introgression
d) Grafting
Answer: c) Introgression -
Heterosis is maximum in:
a) Self-pollinated crops
b) Asexually propagated crops
c) Cross-pollinated crops
d) Apomictic crops
Answer: c) Cross-pollinated crops -
The purpose of emasculation is:
a) Pollen collection
b) Prevent self-pollination
c) Flower development
d) Seed setting
Answer: b) Prevent self-pollination -
The genotype AA is:
a) Homozygous dominant
b) Heterozygous
c) Homozygous recessive
d) Codominant
Answer: a) Homozygous dominant -
Backcross is used in:
a) Mutation
b) Transfer of specific gene
c) Pure line selection
d) Polyploidy
Answer: b) Transfer of specific gene -
Which method combines desirable genes from two parents?
a) Selection
b) Hybridization
c) Mutation
d) Tissue culture
Answer: b) Hybridization -
Inbreeding depression is common in:
a) Cross-pollinated crops
b) Self-pollinated crops
c) Clonal crops
d) Apomictic crops
Answer: a) Cross-pollinated crops -
DNA is located in:
a) Cytoplasm
b) Ribosome
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: c) Nucleus -
In hybrid seed production, the male sterile line is called:
a) A-line
b) B-line
c) R-line
d) C-line
Answer: a) A-line -
Which is a method of mutation breeding?
a) Backcrossing
b) Colchicine treatment
c) X-ray irradiation
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c -
Pleiotropy means:
a) One gene controls multiple traits
b) Multiple genes control one trait
c) Linked traits
d) Hybrid vigour
Answer: a) One gene controls multiple traits -
The most preferred mutagen in plant breeding is:
a) Colchicine
b) EMS
c) X-ray
d) UV rays
Answer: b) EMS -
Monohybrid ratio is:
a) 3:1
b) 1:2:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:1
Answer: a) 3:1 -
A dominant allele is expressed in:
a) Homozygous only
b) Heterozygous only
c) Both
d) None
Answer: c) Both -
The term hybrid vigour was coined by:
a) Shull
b) Darwin
c) Mendel
d) De Vries
Answer: a) Shull -
Tissue culture technique helpful in plant breeding is:
a) Micropropagation
b) Embryo rescue
c) Anther culture
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above -
Apomixis leads to:
a) Sterile plants
b) Uniform progeny
c) Variation
d) Hybrid failure
Answer: b) Uniform progeny -
Who is considered the father of modern plant breeding in India?
a) M.S. Swaminathan
b) B.P. Pal
c) Vavilov
d) Norman Borlaug
Answer: b) B.P. Pal
We greatly appreciate your continuous support and engagement with our website. Your feedback is invaluable to us, so please don't hesitate to share your thoughts in the comment section below. Your comments inspire us to keep delivering high-quality articles that cater to your interests and needs. Thank you for being a part of our community, and we look forward to providing you with more insightful content in the future.
Go to Home Page - Click here
Join my Teligram channel - Click here
Join my whatsapp channel- Click here
.png)
Post a Comment